<p>The Onondaga County Savings Bank was chartered in 1855 in Syracuse, New York. It was a franchise ahead of its time and had four separate branches by the late 19th century. The Onondaga County Savings Bank Building was constructed in 1897 adjacent to the Erie Canal in Clinton Square.</p><br>
<p>In 1968, the bank shortened its name to Onondaga Savings Bank and in 1987 it changed again to OnBank.</p><br>
<p>Chatham Street Row, also known as the Chatham Street Historic District, is a set of five historic buildings located at Nassau in Rensselaer County, New York. They were built between 1812 and 1880. They include the Vandenberg House , Louisa Heusted House , and the Heusted Store . The Vandenberg House and Louisa Heusted House are notable for the decorative scrollwork on their verandah. Also included is the Phillip Cook House , a five bay, brick Federal style dwelling and the Parsonage .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Henry Tunis Smith Farm, also known as the Middlebrook Farm, is a historic farmhouse located at Nassau in Rensselaer County, New York. The house was built in 1789 in the Federal style. It consists of a -story main block, five bays wide, with a 1-story, three-bay wing. The front facade features a finely detailed frieze.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The house sits on a historic property that traces back to the 17th century Dutch Manor of Rensselaerswyck</p><br>
<p>Rensselaerswyck was a Dutch estate of approximately 1,200 sq. miles comprising the present Albany, Columbia and Rensselaer counties. The Dutch Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer devised a solution to sustain the financial viability of the land without selling it. He divided the estate into parcels and granted tenants perpetual leases at moderate rates of about one percent of the land&#39;s output. Eventually, about 900 farms of 150 acres were established. The solution greatly increased the productivity for the land and generated large economic benefit for the entire Albany area.</p><br>
<p>The current farm property includes the original parcel leased from Van Rensselaer.</p><br>
<p>Sherman Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Pittstown Rensselaer County, New York. The complex includes the main house and seven contributing outbuildings. They are a hay barn, wagon barn, corn house, hog bar, ice house, and a barn attached to the hay barn. All were built in the late-18th or early-19th century. the main house was built about 1797 and is a two-story, rectangular frame house with a full attic, full cellar, and high pitched gable roof in the Federal style. A major remodeling about 1840 added some Greek Revival details.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Stone House, Manassas National Battlefield Park, is a two-story stone structure in Prince William County, Virginia. It was built as a stop on the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike in 1848. During the American Civil War, The Stone House served as a hospital during the First and Second Battles of Manassas.</p><br>
<p>Today the Stone House is owned by the National Park Service as a contributing property to the Manassas National Battlefield Park, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>The future Stone House tract was settled by European immigrants during the latter half of the 18th century. Wormeley Carter, of Virginia, received the tract from his father in 1801. By the time of Carter&#39;s death in 1805, he had sold off much of his land.</p><br>
<p>In 1808, the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike Company was formed to construct a 28-mile toll road from Fairfax Court House to Fauquier Court House, both in Virginia. This toll road would pass through the Stone House tract. The Company hoped the toll road would help Alexandria, Virginia, compete with Fredericksburg, Virginia, for trade with Fauquier Court House.</p><br>
<p>Six toll gates were located along the road at five mile intervals. Started in 1812, it would take 16 years for the road to reach Fauquier Court House, then known as Warrenton.</p><br>
<p>Wormeley Carter&#39;s son, Thomas Otway Carter, inherited the Stone House tract, but there is little indication he added anything to it. The first record of a structure on the tract appeared on an 1830 tax return after Thomas Carter had sold 148 acres of land and the house on it to John Lee in 1828. Although no physical descriptions of the Stone House as it appeared at this point exist, it is known that a woman named Mary "Polly" Clark operated a wagon stand at the toll gate there. Travelers who stopped at the Stone House would have been required to pay a toll, and likely also were able to receive food, drink, and possibly lodging.</p><br>
<p>In 1848, the Stone House tract was bequeathed to Thomas O. Clark, son of Polly Clark. Tax records in 1849 show a significant jump in the value of Clark&#39;s property to $500, suggesting the construction of a substantial house. This, coupled with an authoritative statement by Arthur Lee Henry identifying Thomas O. Carter as the builder of the Stone House, indicates the Stone House was built in 1848.</p><br>
<p>In 1850, the Clarke family sold the Stone House property to Henry P. Matthew, who intended to farm the land since its use as a toll road stop had diminished. For the next decade, the Matthew family lived there.</p><br>
<h2>First Battle of Manassas</h2><br>
<p>During the Battle of First Manassas on July 21, 1861, Union commander Irvin McDowell planned to flank the Confederate position along Bull Run, which would bring the fighting extremely close to the vicinity of the Stone House. As the battle progressed, a Confederate force that had taken position on Matthews Hill, north of Stone House, was driven back by advancing Federals. The Union force that captured the Stone House area, though, quickly came under fire from Confederate artillery, and coupled with the fact that they were outnumbered by nearby Confederates, the Union troops had to fall back from the house. As the battle wore, on, however, the Stone House came under Union control once again.</p><br>
<p>Between 10 AM and 12 noon, ten Union and six Confederate regiments clashed in the vicinity of the Stone House. As a result, 1,054 men were wounded during those two hours of fighting. Although the battle eventually shifted away from the Stone House, surgeons and Northern soldiers soon began to seek refuge inside the house. Because the building had strong stone walls, a well in the yard, and was close to the main road back to the hospitals of Washington, D.C, it was an ideal site for a hospital.</p><br>
<p>The Stone House began to fill quickly with soldiers. One Union officer noted the muddy dirt floor of the cellar was covered with soldiers. Colonel John S. Slocum, wounded mortally as he led the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry, was carried to the house and treated by Surgeon James Harris of the 1st Rhode Island Infantry. Harris remained on duty at the Stone House after the retreat and was found there with 21 wounded Union soldiers. The next day, according to an informant, the scene at the Stone House remained a grisly one: "In this building were 32 wounded, many of them dreadfully mangled by cannon shot. There was but a single surgeon, and he was young and apparently inefficient. Men lay on the floor with their clotted wounds still undressed. Some had died and not been removed…"</p><br>
<p>Throughout the rest of the day, the Stone House was constantly under fire as the battle raged on nearby, with some projectiles entering the house and supposedly further wounding a few soldiers. Two flags were placed in the windows of the house to identify it as a hospital, but this did not slow down the fire that constantly peppered the structure. The well outside the Stone House served as a continuous comfort to soldiers on both sides as the fight wore on. As the Union line crumbled toward the end of the battle and the Northern Army found itself retreating from the area, the house came under Confederate control once again, and continued to serve as a hospital throughout the rest of the afternoon. After Confederate forces recaptured the house, they found a large number of wounded Union troops, some dead, and 36 men who surrendered as prisoners. Around 100 arms were also found in the house.</p><br>
<p>After the end of fighting, the Stone House continued to be a scene of continued activity. Since it was one of the few buildings on the battlefield located on a major road, it was a busy hospital. A traveler commented that the filth inside was so disgusting that he was not capable of staying long. Other visitors to the building noted there were men who had still not been attended to even many days after the battle ended. Eventually, the wounded inside the Stone House were likely taken to Richmond, Virginia as prisoners of war. Confederate forces continued to occupy the house until March 1862. It is not known whether Henry Matthews and his wife returned to their home before it was involved in battle again.</p><br>
<h2>Second Battle of Manassas</h2><br>
<p>In the days leading up to the Second Battle of Manassas between August 28 and 30, 1862, passing troops would have seen the house as they took their positions on the old and new battlefield. On the 30th of August, Union General Pope, with his army of about 65,000, was massed in the area of the Stone House and the Dogan House. Once the fighting began, the Stone House was quickly converted to a hospital once again. As one unit charged past the Stone House toward Matthews Hill, they found many wounded and dead, as well as thirty-six men who had sought safety behind the massive stone walls. Federal surgeons marked the building with a flag and treated the wounded throughout the first day of the battle.</p><br>
<p>On the second day of battle the Stone House continued to serve as a hospital. Some Union troops also buried their men in the yard of the Stone House. Two members of the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, Privates Charles E. Brehm, age 21, and Eugene P. Geer, age 17, arrived at the Stone House after being wounded late in the battle, and were taken to an upstairs room. At some point during their stay, both men carved their names into the floorboards of the room they were in. Brehm&#39;s carving appears as "Brehm Aug 30", and Geer, unable to complete his last name, left the carving "E.P. Ge." Brehm survived the war and lived until 1909; Geer did not live to see the end of 1862. The carvings can still be seen to this day</p><br>
<p>Like the previous battle, the Stone House was under Confederate control at the battle&#39;s conclusion, but unlike the previous year, the captured Union troops in the house were not taken prisoner, but instead paroled. Many of the other Union prisoners on various parts of the battlefield were also taken to the Stone house to be paroled. Five days after the battle began, on September 2, the last ambulance left the Stone House, and the building had seen its last action of the war.</p><br>
<h2>After the Civil War</h2><br>
<p>It is unsure when the Matthews family returned to their home after the Civil War. In October 1865, it and the adjacent land were sold to Mary Starbuck. After the Civil War, the tolls from the travelling public provided revenue for its maintenance and the profits of its owners. In 1879 the land was deeded to George Starbuck and his wife Meribah. Two years later the house was sold to Benson Pridemore. The Pridemores partitioned some upper rooms to make room for their children. This was the first major structural change made to the Stone House. Pridemore also added a front porch, a picket fence, and a barn to the property.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, following Pridemores death, the property was sold to Henry. J. Ayres. In 1904 Ayres added a kitchen and a large back porch to the house. Following Ayers death I 1912, the house passed to his son, George. Photographic evidence indicates that artillery shells were put into the exterior walls sometime after 1912. Presumably, the artillery shells were placed where the masonry had been damaged during the Civil War. It is likely that George Ayers placed the projectiles in the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1949, the Stone House was sold to the United States Government. Two major renovation projects took place since then, including re-roofing the structure and installing new electrical and plumbing systems.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Although the Stone House is unoccupied today, various tours and interpretive programs take place there as a part of Manassas National Battlefield Park.</p><br>
<p>The Siemer House was located on Lot 1, Block 17 of the original town of Davenport, Iowa, United States, which today is the west side of downtown. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The building deteriorated and it was torn down in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>J.C.F Siemer was a brick mason who immigrated to Davenport from the German states of Schleswig-Holstein. He arrived here in the 1850s, which was a period of significant Germann immigration. The house is attributed to him and was constructed in 1865. The building has had various owners and occupants over the years. In the latter part of its existence, it was divided into apartments and then became part of a used car lot.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Siemer House was a two-story brick building on a stone foundation. This late Victorian structure featured details that evoked the Italianate style: a cube-like mass, a bracketed metal cornice, the tall, narrow profile of the fenestration, and the centralized entrance. The windows were symmetrically placed on the façade with five on the second floor and two flanking the entrance on both sides. The windows were surrounded by small wooden headers and sills. It was originally built as a single-story structure, with the date of the second story addition by the original builder and owner unknown. Another addition onto the rear of the house added a kitchen on the first floor and a porch on the second floor. There are several other examples of this type of house in the city, but they are all detached dwellings in residential areas while the Siemer House was in a more urban setting.</p><br>
<p>The Louis Hebert House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louis Hebert was a bricklayer and may have built this house himself. The Hebert family continued to live here until 1898. Joseph Herbert was the city clerk in the 1890s and was the last family member to reside in this house. This house was built during Davenport&#39;s first major growth period and is typical of the architecture built in the city in the 1850s and 1860s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, brick house was built in a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style. The full porch on the front has subsequently been removed.</p><br>
<p>Pebble Hill Plantation is a plantation and museum located near Thomasville, Georgia. The plantation is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation was established in the 1820s, when Thomas Jefferson Johnson built the first house. After his death, the plantation was inherited by his daughter, Julia Ann, and her husband, John H. Mitchell. They hired English architect John Wind to design a new mansion. Their slaves grew cotton, tobacco and rice.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was purchased by Howard Melville Hanna in 1896. It was passed on to his daughter Kate in 1901, who turned it into a hunting estate. After the main house burned down in 1934, architect Abram Garfield designed the new mansion, completed in 1936. After Kate&#39;s death, the plantation was inherited by her daughter, Elizabeth "Pansy" Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Through the Pebble Peach Foundation endowed by Pansy Ireland, the plantation is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The at the University of Georgia&#39;s Brown Media Archives is thought to contain the earliest known moving image recording of Georgia, dating to 1917.</p><br>
<p>Albert R. Fox House, also known as the Fox Mansion, is a historic home located at Sand Lake in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built about 1847 and is a large Greek Revival style frame dwelling. It consists of a two-story, five-bay-wide and four-bay-deep main block, flanked by one-story, two-bay-wide wings. There is also a large two-story rear wing. It features a full-width, one-story open porch with Ionic order columns supporting a deep entablature. Also on the property are a contributing fountain  and two small 19th-century sheds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Knickerbocker Mansion is a historic home located at Schaghticoke in Rensselaer County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The property was occupied by the Knickerbocker family for nearly 250 years, from about 1707 until 1946. The mansion was built by Johannes Knickerbacker III around 1770. It was acquired in 1964 by the Knickerbocker Historical Society and is operated as a local history museum. The Knickerbocker Historical Society (KHS) have almost entirely restored the mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Knickerbocker Mansion grounds were the location of the “Witenagemot Oak,” planted in 1676 to commemorate the signing of a treaty between New York governor Edmund Andros and the local Mahican people and native refugees from King Philip&#39;s War. The oak stood until 1948.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1770 and is a -story, rectangular brick building. It has a hipped roof, covered in slate, that curves slightly at the eaves. The front facade once featured a one-bay, pedimented entrance portico.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Blink Bonnie is a historic home located at Schodack in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built about 1850 and remodeled and enlarged about 1915. It is a two-story, frame building with a low pitched gable roof in the Greek Revival style. There is a large two-story rear wing. It features a one-story, Colonial Revival style entrance porch added about 1915. Also on the property is a large English barn dated to about 1900, a garage, and an ice house / chicken coop.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Elmbrook Farm is a historic farm complex located at Schodack in Rensselaer County, New York. The farmhouse itself was built about 1830 and modified about twenty years later to include Greek Revival architecture. The complex also includes a barn , a shop / office , a milk shed, a corn crib, a cinder block garage, and a small family burial plot.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Goering House was a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The house has subsequently been torn down and the location is now a parking lot for Palmer College of Chiropractic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jacob Goering was an early labor organizer in Davenport who was involved in more militant national union efforts. He worked at the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad shops, and was a leader in the railroad strike of 1877. When placed on the National Register of Historic Places it was one of a few buildings left in Davenport that reflected the city&#39;s major social movements of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Goering house exemplified a popular and distinctive house type in 19th century Davenport, a vernacular form of the Greek Revival style. It was a two-story, three-bay, brick, front gable house with an oculus in the gable end. The Greek Revival entrance and four-paneled door that was framed by sidelights and a transom was a distinguishing feature of this house from other examples in this style.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Crematorium is located in Fairmount Cemetery in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was the first crematorium established in the state of Iowa and one of the oldest in the United States. The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first attempt to established a crematorium in Davenport occurred in 1880, four years after the first crematorium opened in the United States. There was little to show for this effort until 1885 when the Northwestern Cremation Society, later renamed the Davenport Cremation Society, was established. The society sold stock to raise funds and in 1889 commissioned prominent local architect, Frederick G. Clausen, to design a building. The following year they purchased land from the West Davenport Cemetery Association, now known as Fairmount Cemetery. The facility opened in 1891 and the first cremation was that of Otto Kochert on May 15 of that year. The crematorium was the first in the state of Iowa and thirteenth in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the crematorium served not only the city of Davenport, but the needs of the state of Iowa and larger cities such as Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, and Denver. A small addition was made to the west side of the building in 1979 when a second crematory retort was added. Initially, the crematory used coke or hard coal for fuel and it took an hour and a half to complete the process. In later years the facility changed to natural gas and the time it took to complete the cremation process diminished. The building also houses Fairmount Cemetery&#39;s offices.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1½-story brick structure was designed in the Romanesque Revival style. It rests on a base composed of rubble-squared stone blocks over a partially raised, full basement. A hipped, cross gabled roof caps the building. Its exterior ornamentation is found in the round-arch doorway with stained glass sidelights and transom; lintels and bands created from carved stone; and gables trimmed in stone containing round-arch windows; and brick corbelling near the roofline. The main floor of the interior features a chapel, waiting area, and office space. The cremation retorts (incinerators) and holding room are in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>Fairmount Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was established as the West Davenport Cemetery in 1881 by stockholders who were mostly of German descent. The first burial in the cemetery was John Dibbern on August 1, 1881. It acquired the name Fairmount Cemetery in 1900. A mausoleum, with 530 crypts, was constructed in 1929. By 2014 the cemetery had performed more than 18,600 burials.</p><br>
<p>Sts. Peter and Paul Church  is a Russian Orthodox church on St. Paul Island, Alaska. The current church, built in 1907, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Now it is under Diocese of Alaska of the Orthodox Church in America.</p><br>
<p>A first church was built in 1779 "according to legend&quot a second church was built in 1819 atop the island&#39;s tallest hill. The current church was built in 1907, and was then "one of the most ambitiously designed and effectively executed small churches of the Byzantine tradition in Alaska." Its onion domes, however, were repeatedly damaged in storms, and have been replaced.</p><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House is a historic farmhouse in Dodge County, Minnesota. Located in Canisteo Township, it is on County Road 15, approximately 8 mi south of Kasson, Minnesota. In 1981, the home remained in the ownership of the grandson and great-grandson of Ole Carlson. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on April 16, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House was both designed and built by Ole Anderson Aasved for his neighbor Ole Carlson, a fellow Norwegian immigrant farmer. Its location on a slight elevation makes the structure very visible. The house is a large, two-story, almost square brick structure, symmetrical in arrangement with a hip roof and roof deck, with a projecting central gabled pavilion. At the time the home was completed, it had a balustrade along the edge of the roof deck, however it is no longer present. In addition to the main house, a small one-story brick addition on the eastern side (rear) houses a summer kitchen. The south foundation includes a datestone with the name "O. A. Aasved" and the date "1880".</p><br>
<p>The design includes elements reminiscent of the Italianate style, which are often found in rural Minnesota farmhouses of the era and used to emphasize verticality. These elements include two-over-two double-hung sash windows in tall rectangular openings with keystone segmental-arch hoods, and hooded double front entrance. Unlike similar houses, conventional eave brackets were never applied to the house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The builder, Ole Anderson Aasved, was born in March 1826 near Trondheim, Norway. Raised on a farm, he had almost no formal education, but he sought to educate himself. Aasved was married several times. He married Christiana Anderson in 1849, and the couple had one child, Christiana (later Mrs. Martin Peterson), before his wife died in 1854. Aasved moved to the United States in 1857, and in 1860 he married fellow Norwegian native Ingred Alexson; they had one daughter, Anna, before Alexson died in 1869. He worked in logging Michigan before settling in Minnesota. In 1865 he enlisted in the 2nd Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry Regiment of the Union Army, but saw no active service and was discharged in the same year.</p><br>
<p>In Minnesota, Aasved accumulated 220 acres of land in adjacent 140 acres and 80 acres parcels. Aasved finished his own residence in 1882 at a cost of $3,000. In 1883 he married a third time, to fellow Norwegian immigrant Benedicka Hanson.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Ole Carlson House was selected for placement on the NRHP based on its significance to the agricultural history of the Upper Midwest, its own unique architecture, and as an example of the ethnic settlements of early Norwegian Americans. A county history of 1884 declared that the house was "the best farm house in the county."</p><br>
<p>The Historic Fairfax County Courthouse is one of the oldest buildings in Fairfax, Virginia. It was constructed in 1799 to serve as the seat of government in Fairfax County. During the American Civil War, the first Confederate officer casualty of the war took place on the courthouse grounds and the building was occupied by both sides in the conflict. Today, the original courthouse building is part of the larger courthouse site that serves the local government of Fairfax County.</p><br>
<h2>Early days of Fairfax County</h2><br>
<p>When Virginia&#39;s county court system was established in 1619, important issues handled by it included determining local tax rates, licensing mills and inns, providing for road construction and repair, and generally administering local government. Fairfax County built its first courthouse in 1742 at a site called "Spring Field", which is near present-day Tysons Corner. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the city of Alexandria, Virginia, had established itself as one of the major ports of the region for coastal and oceangoing ships, and in the year 1752, the courthouse for the Fairfax County court system moved there. In November 1789, realizing the County of Fairfax was in need of a new courthouse building, a legislative petition was arranged in Alexandria. The petition requested the courthouse be placed in the center of Fairfax County, a more convenient location for citizens of the area, in order to promote trade and commerce. Shortly after, the court ordered that the sheriff collect thirty-five cents for each taxable person in Fairfax County to pay for the construction of the new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Businessmen in the vicinity of the proposed site for the new structure were assured its arrival would bring an increase in business to the area. The present location of the courthouse was selected and purchased from for one dollar. In May 1799, after the land had been laid out by a man named William Payne, the court ordered the construction of a courthouse forty by thirty feet "with sixteen feet pitch with a twelve foot Portico, one (jail) forty feet by twenty…one clerks office twenty four feet by eighteen…and one (jailers) House twenty four feet by eighteen." The jail would have three rooms on the first floor and two on the second, with an addition on the back. The clerk&#39;s office should be "arched over with Slate or Tile," which can be assumed was for fire protection. There was also to be stocks, a pillory and whipping post. Two men, John Bogue and Mungo Dykes were hired as the contractors. The architect of the building was to be James Wren.</p><br>
<h2>Antebellum courthouse</h2><br>
<p>The District of Columbia was founded in 1800. In March of that year, following the adjournment of the Court in Alexandria, a notice was released announcing that the County Court would be held at the new courthouse in "the center of the County, where all suitors, and others having business, are hereby notified to attend, on the third Monday of April next." On April 21 the first court session was held at the new building. The first order of business was to record the will of Corbin Washington, nephew of George Washington and brother of Judge Bushrod Washington, a Supreme Court Justice between 1798 and 1829. Corbin had been married to Hannah Lee, a daughter of Richard Henry Lee. Thomas Mason, son of George Mason, was present at a poll of voters taken two days later. With his design of the new courthouse, James Wren departed from the traditional single-story plan of most Virginia courthouses, and produced a two-story building with the courtroom on the ground floor and jury rooms over the arched arcade.</p><br>
<p>No precise descriptions of the interior of the courthouse have surfaced, but it was customary for a large table to be centered in the main chamber of the courthouse. This table was usually spacious enough to seat the sheriff and justices of the county court, and it is likely that the courthouse followed this same layout. It was also customary to separate the portion of the court occupied by the public, which was done by the installation of a wooden railing or a partition. Fireplaces likely heated the courtroom chamber and the second floor jury room. The new courthouse complex gradually became the center of activity for the county, and in 1805 the area around the new structure became known as the Town of Providence. The location of the new courthouse was ideal, being located at the junction of Little River Turnpike and Ox Road (present day routes 236 and 123) and providing easy access to most parts of the county.</p><br>
<p>Attorneys generally rented rooms in the Willcoxon hotel near the courthouse and used them as their offices, advertising their services in the Alexandria Gazette. The town of Providence was called Fairfax Court House during the Civil War years, until it was incorporated as the Town of Fairfax in 1875. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the land around the courthouse had been leveled and a fence was erected around the property. By December 1802 local officials deemed it necessary to create legislation to forbid sellers of liquors to set up booths on the public lot. In 1803 a plan was presented to the court for a poorhouse. One was soon erected, and land was set aside for its use. Gallows were erected at "Race Field" on the east side of the house occupied by Patrick McCarty on land owned by Richard Ratcliffe. In 1810 after the old jail located on the courthouse grounds burned, the new jail was built at a cost of $2, 486.</p><br>
<p>In general, the cases presented before the county justices were often an indication of the tenor of the times and of a personal nature. For example, John Hugely appeared before the court with two witnesses who testified that the upper part of his left ear had been bitten off in a fight. Another man, William Johnston was accused of stealing one linen shirt, one pair of pantaloons, one shawl, and one pair of stockings, and was sentenced to ten lashes at the public whipping post. One major source of income for Fairfax residents come from selling or hiring out their excess slaves. Frequent slave auctions were also held at the front door of the Fairfax courthouse. In 1800, the Reverend Jeremiah Moore, no longer confined to jail, was granted permission to preach in the courthouse; in 1801 blacks were forbidden to play fives or other games within the enclosure. As construction of turnpike roads linking Alexandria and Washington to the Shenandoah Valley took place, activity that centered in Fairfax County&#39;s courthouse square increased. On the courthouse grounds, businessmen mingled with others who came merely to exchange news and see friends. In the nineteenth century, much of the social and economic life of rural Virginia grew up around the monthly or quarterly "court days".</p><br>
<h2>During the Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Approximately 300 citizens lived in the vicinity of Fairfax Court House when the American Civil War began in April 1861. That same month, Company D of the 17th Regiment of Virginia Infantry, which would become known as the Fairfax Rifles, was mustered into service on the courthouse grounds. In May of that year, a small number of Confederates, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Richard Ewell, occupied Fairfax Court House. One group of Confederates was encamped at the Zion Church in town. Another group was camping on the courthouse lot, and another, under command of Captain John Quincy Marr, was camped at a Methodist church just south of the courthouse. Marr was a graduate of Virginia Military Institute in 1846, where he was second in his class. He had served as a delegate from Fauquier County to the Virginia Convention that approved the secession resolution the previous April. Captain Marr was in charge of approximately ninety men, known as the Warrenton Rifles, as they camped near the courthouse late in May 1861. On the evening of May 31, he was sleeping in the clerk&#39;s building on the courthouse grounds.</p><br>
<h3>First Confederate casualty</h3><br>
<p>Company B of the Second United States Cavalry, numbering around eighty men, were scouting the area around Fairfax Court House on the evening of the thirty-first. Around 3 AM, Confederate pickets to the northeast of town engaged the cavalry and the southern troops were routed. As the Union cavalry approached the courthouse, a firefight ensued with the Confederate troops stationed there. There was much confusion and panic during the skirmish, and at some point during the fight, Captain Marr was killed. His body was discovered on the courthouse grounds by a local slave the next morning. Much speculation surrounds his death. Some historians believe it was a stray bullet that caused the fatal wound, and others even say the bullet was from friendly fire. Regardless, however, with his death, Marr became the first Confederate officer killed during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<h3>Courthouse changes hands</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse first came under the control of Northern troops a month later as Union General Irvin McDowell began moving his 37,000 man army west toward Manassas on July 18, 1861. Manassas would become the site of the first major battle of the war. By the spring of 1862 the courthouse had ceased to function as a center for legal business and was simply used as a military outpost.</p><br>
<p>Fairfax Court House would come under control of Southern troops again during a portion of 1862, but by the end of that year, Union troops again had control of the area, and would remain in possession of it until the end of the war. Period photographs of the courthouse building show it being used as a lookout point and station for Northern patrols. Other descriptions indicate that the courthouse was ransacked, its furnishings removed, and the interior generally gutted so that only the walls and roof remained. For all practical purposes, the courthouse and its related buildings were, in the years 1863 and 1864, a military outpost and minor headquarters in the Union army&#39;s system to protect its supply and communications lines from the irregular troops who kept hostilities constantly smoldering in Northern Virginia. Many important documents related to the legal proceedings of Fairfax County that were held in the courthouse were destroyed during the war years.</p><br>
<p>One item of particular importance to the courthouse was actually spared. When Confederate troops withdrew from Fairfax Court House in the fall of 1861, the will of George Washington, which was held at the courthouse, was secretly removed from the building by the court clerk, Alfred Moss, and taken to Richmond, Virginia. Here it was placed for safekeeping with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Following the end of the Civil War, it was returned to Fairfax. Martha Washington&#39;s will, also held at the courthouse, was not removed but remained there during the time it was occupied by Union troops. In late 1862, a group of soldiers were engaged in shoveling out the debris from the floor. According to some recollections, a Union lieutenant grew curious about some of the papers in the building, and upon examination, realized some included the will of Martha Washington, so he took it with him. The will would appear again in 1903 in England where the lieutenant was said to have sold it to a man named J.P. Morgan. The will remained in the Morgan family until it was returned to Fairfax County at some point during the twentieth century.</p><br>
<h2>End of the war to the 20th century</h2><br>
<p>During the later years of the Civil War, when Northern Troops occupied the courthouse, the jail adjacent to the building was used as a storehouse and a holding cell for military prisoners. After fire destroyed the jail in 1884, a new structure was built a year later. The jailer had his living quarters in the front portion of this new building, which served as his residence until 1948. The building itself ceased to be used for detention of prisoners shortly after that time. Since 1956, the old jail building has been used for offices of various county agencies, including the juvenile court and probation office, civil defense office, fire board, police dispatcher, and recreation department. In the past century, the traditional courthouse square was altered by the addition of new wings to the historic 1800 building. These additions, constructed in 1929 and 1953, extend the courthouse square southward to form the present large E-shaped building. During these renovations, a small brick office, built in 1870 for the Clerk of the Court and other county officials, was torn down. For a time, all major county offices were housed in the new courthouse addition. In 1969, a fifteen-story county office building was built immediately southwest of the old courthouse building, to provide space for the Board of Supervisors and many extended county offices. In addition to housing the courts, the courthouse also serves as a place for recording and storing records of deeds and wills. The original wills of George and Martha Washington are currently on display in the County Court Clerk&#39;s office. The Historic Fairfax County Courthouse and Jail were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It is located in the City of Fairfax Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Historic courthouse today</h2><br>
<p>Today, the original courthouse building and the subsequent additions serve the Circuit Court, General District Court, and Juvenile and Domestic Relations of Fairfax County.</p><br>
<p>Glenwood, also known as Eddy Titus Mansion, is a historic home located on Eddy&#39;s Lane in Troy in Rensselaer County, New York. The house consists of a -story, rectangular, red brick central block with a two-story, T-shaped wing. The wing forms a courtyard and there is a one-story porch around three sides of it. The front facade is dominated by a full Ionic order portico with pediment in the Greek Revival style. It houses the offices of the Troy Housing Authority.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Henry Koon House is a historic home located at Troy in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built about 1830 and is an elegant Greek Revival–style residence. It is a 2-story, three-by-five-bay, side-hall-plan brick dwelling. It features a monumental portico composed of four Ionic order columns supporting a full entablature and pediment.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Powers Home, also known as Davenport Homestead, is a historic home located in the Lansingburgh section of Troy in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built in 1846 and is a temple style Greek Revival residence. It is a T-shaped residence with a two-story, three-bay, frame central block with two flanking wings and one long rear wing. The flanking wings were added in 1883–1884. It features a monumental portico composed of four fluted Ionic order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Pumpkin House, also known as Hart Tenant House, is a historic home in Troy, Rensselaer County, New York. It was built in about 1820 and is a two-story, three-bay Federal period frame residence with a high pitched gable roof parallel to the street. It has a large, two-story rear wing built in two stages, in about 1830 and about 1870. It was restored in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Lansingburgh Village Burial Ground is a historic cemetery located in the Lansingburgh section of Troy in Rensselaer County, New York. It was founded in 1771 and contains approximately 350 graves dating to 1912. It contains a number of notable sandstone, marble, and granite markers that offer a complete catalog of gravestone art from the late 18th through the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Parker–Hutchinson Farm is a historic farm property on Parker Bridge Road in Coventry, Connecticut. It includes the Samuel Parker House which dates from 1850. The significance of the property is not for the architecture of its farmhouse, but rather as a remarkably intact site where a number of small-scale industrial enterprises were conducted. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Parker–Hutchinson Farm is located in a rural setting of southern Coventry, on the east side of Parker Bridge Road, east of its crossing of Rufus Brook. The farm is now 8 acre in size, with a cluster of buildings set near the road. The complex includes a farmhouse, horse barn, sheep barn, and shed, as well as the foundations of former buildings. The house is a -story Cape style house, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a slightly asymmetrical arrangement around a center entrance. A leanto section extends to the rear of the structure. The three outbuildings are, like the house, probably of 19th-century construction; the house&#39;s construction methods are also consistent with late 18th century practices.</p><br>
<p>The farm property provides evidence of early activity leading to two major cottage industries that flourished in 19th-century Coventry: the production and processing of flax, and the raising of sheep and processing of wool. The processing of flax, probably as early as the late 18th century, was documented by a mid-19th century neighbor. Asa Parker Jr. was by 1820 also raising sheep on the property, a practice continued by his daughter and son-in-law, the Hutchinsons. The Hutchinsons are documented to have engaged in a significant number of other small businesses in the 19th century, operating a cider mill and operating a small cooperage and probably also a small woolen hat-making enterprise, in addition to flax and wool processing.</p><br>
<p>Fort Johnston was a British fort, later a United States Army post, in Brunswick County, North Carolina on Moore Street near Southport, North Carolina. It stands on the west bank of the Cape Fear River, four miles above its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Colonial</h2><br>
<p>Before the construction of Fort Johnston, British settlements along the Carolina coast lacked fortifications to protect them against pirates and privateers, and numerous Spanish attackers exploited this weakness. In response to these attacks, Governor Gabriel Johnston in 1744 appointed a committee to select the best location to construct a fort for the defense of the Cape Fear River region. France meanwhile declared King Georges War against Britain in 1744. The Governor of South Carolina agreed to lend ten small cannons for the fort. Facing increasingly bold Spanish privateer raids, the General Assembly of North Carolina colony in April 1745 authorized the construction of "Johnstons Fort" near the mouth of the Cape Fear River. In spring 1748, the legislature appropriated 2000 pounds, and construction finally began.</p><br>
<p>Two Spanish privateers in summer 1748 intended to seize enslaved persons working on construction of the fort. Finding none at the time of their raid, the privateers sailed upriver and attacked Brunswick, North Carolina by sea and land, looting the town and taking hostages over two days. The local militia eventually drove the raiders back to their ships, but the Spanish privateers continued to bombard the town for a third day. Only after one privateering ship accidentally exploded and sank did the fleet retreat toward the sea.</p><br>
<p>Although Governor Johnston declared the fort complete in April 1749, work on the fortification, the first in North Carolina colony, continued to progress well into the 1750s. North Carolina garrisoned the fort with a few dozen militia soldiers and used it for coastal protection and as a quarantine station for incoming mariners. The militia men included Captain Robert Howe, first stationed at Fort Johnston in 1766.</p><br>
<h2>American Revolutionary War</h2><br>
<p>American patriots attacked the home of Josiah Martin, British royal governor of the Province of North Carolina, at New Bern, on 24 April 1775. Governor Martin then sent his family to New York, transferred his headquarters to Fort Johnston on 2 June 1775, and instigated a plot to arm enslaved persons. After the patriots discovered this plot, John Ashe of the Wilmington Committee of Safety led a group of patriotic colonists in a plot against Fort Johnson in July 1775. Governor Martin and his supporters removed most military stores, dismounted the cannon of the fort, and fled aboard the British sloop-of-war Cruiser at anchor in the Cape Fear River. American patriots controlled, burnt, and destroyed Fort Johnston, including the home of its commandant. Governor Martin rallied Loyalist forces from his offshore redoubt.</p><br>
<p>During winter 1775/1776, the British army sent seven regular regiments and two companies of artillery to the lower Cape Fear region, aspiring to rouse Loyalist colonists to take arms to restore Royal Governor Martin to power. Colonel James Moore, however, routed a numerically superior force of Scottish Highlanders in Battle of Moore&#39;s Creek Bridge on 27 February 1776, and the British abandoned their strategy. The British fleet still maintained some control of the region for the succeeding few years.</p><br>
<p>In 1778, the North Carolina General Assembly appropriated £5000 to rebuild Fort Johnston and named Captain Robert Ellis to command the fort. When British Major James Henry Craig entered the region on 25 January 1781, Captain Ellis left Fort Johnston. Major Craig aimed to establish a supply base for General Charles Cornwallis and probably destroyed the nascent Fort Johnston again. General Cornwallis later surrendered to American General George Washington after the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, on 17 October 1781. American troops under General Griffith Rutherford advanced toward Wilmington in mid-November 1781, and British Major Craig withdrew.</p><br>
<h2>Antebellum period</h2><br>
<p>Following the American Revolutionary War, peace prevailed, and Fort Johnston underwent a period of physical decay. The community of Smithville, North Carolina, (later renamed Southport) gradually developed around the fort. Benjamin Smith apparently opposed incorporation of the town in the state General Assembly in 1790; however, the legislature supposedly named the town in his honor to gain his support. His opponents allegedly supported the idea only because they believed that the town would not prosper. The town started with one hundred half-acre lots.</p><br>
<p>In March 1794 with war raging in Europe, the Congress appropriated funds for the first system of seacoast defense in the United States to fortify sixteen critical ports on the seaboard, provided that states provide the land. North Carolina quickly ceded the land to the federal government. Although reconstruction began in July 1794, work on Fort Johnston progressed slowly over decades. Politician Benjamin Smith ultimately agreed to sponsor the reconstruction of the fort. Major Joseph Gardner Swift characterized Fort Johnston as "dilapidated" upon inspecting the post in January 1810.</p><br>
<p>The fort probably contained a seawall, battery, quarters for officers, barracks for enlisted men, gunpowder magazine, bakery, and other buildings. The fort rented a building at the corner of Nash and Howe streets from Smithville town commissioners as a hospital. The USA Army built quarters for officers at the fort about 1810.</p><br>
<p>In spring 1812, the Army formed a new unit, the "Sea Fencibles," composed of river pilots who resolved to serve on land and sea. Governor William Hawkins assigned four militia companies from coastal southern North Carolina to Fort Johnston to strengthen the defenses of Cape Fear during the War of 1812. Many locals feared that Fort Johnston provided inadequate defense for the region. The British, however, did not attack the region during the war.</p><br>
<p>After the War of 1812, an individual sergeant sometimes commanded Fort Johnston, and the Army abandoned it altogether at least once while engaging its troops elsewhere. Nevertheless, the surgeon began to record meteorological observations from the early 1820s. Its garrison departed to fight in Second Seminole War in 1836. The Army completed Fort Caswell two miles away in 1838, reducing the importance of Fort Johnston. The Fort Johnston garrison again departed to fight in Mexican–American War in 1846.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers at Fort Johnston enjoyed cordial relations with the civilian population of Smithville, North Carolina, throughout the antebellum years, making it a desirable posting. Early in January 1861, a delegation from Wilmington approached Governor John Willis Ellis, seeking his permission to allow seizure of Fort Johnston from the Union forces, but he denied their request.</p><br>
<h2>American Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Local rebels, however, did not await secession of North Carolina before seizing Fort Johnston from the Union. They approached the sole caretaker sergeant posted at the fort and demanded its surrender on 8 January 1861. The Union soldier recognized his inability to mount a defense, conceded to their demands, and informed his superiors in Washington. Governor Ellis, however, compelled the rebels to evacuate the seized fort and return it to Union control. After the fall of Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, however, Governor Ellis ordered the recapture of Fort Johnston, and the caretaker United States Army Ordnance Corps sergeant again surrendered it. North Carolina seceded from the Union on 20 May 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America.</p><br>
<p>Early in the American Civil War, Fort Johnston emerged as a center of Confederate States Army recruitment and training. Fort Johnston also served as a supply depot for the local system of fortifications, storing and distributing vast quantities of military hardware and sustenance. The Confederacy also massively renovated and upgraded the defenses of the region, including Fort Johnston, Fort Caswell, and Fort Fisher. Five hundred enslaved persons and three hundred Native Americans in bondage undertook some of the labor on this huge construction program.</p><br>
<p>The Confederacy increasingly depended on blockade runners breaking through the Union Navy lines to maintain trade necessary to sustain the war effort. With two inlets on the Cape Fear River, dangerous shoals to trap Union ships lacking the knowledge of local river pilots, the Cape Fear River made an ideal spot for blockade running. Fort Johnston coordinated these attempts and provided critical protective cover to Confederate shipping. The first Confederate steamer to run the Union blockade entered Wilmington in December 1861, and trade through Port of Wilmington increased through 1862, especially after the Union Navy successfully sealed Charleston, South Carolina, to Confederate shipping in summer 1862. An average of one ship a day ran the blockade successfully throughout 1863 and 1864. The fort and its garrison maintained the security of the Cape Fear River against Union army and naval forces with weapons, munitions, and supplies imported from Europe, Canada, Bermuda, Cuba, and eventually other Caribbean territories. Railroads carried goods from Wilmington, North Carolina, to Richmond, Virginia, providing critical supplies to Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Confederacy in late 1862 renamed Fort Johnston as Fort Branch in honor of Confederate Brigadier General Lawrence O&#39;Bryan Branch, a local who died in Battle of Antietam. In 1863, the Confederate Army renamed Fort Branch as Fort Pender in honor of Confederate Major General William Dorsey Pender, who died of wounds sustained at Battle of Gettysburg.</p><br>
<p>In late 1864, President Abraham Lincoln, determined to deal a "mortal blow" to the Confederacy, developed a strategy with his military advisors to cease the only significant sustained blockade running activity, that originating from the Cape Fear River outlet. On 24 December 1864, Union warships began an intense bombardment of nearby Fort Fisher, and after a persistent onslaught, Union forces captured the vastly undermanned Fort Fisher on the evening of 15 January 1865. Brigadier General Louis Jagger Hébert then commanded Fort Pender. Facing thousands of Union troops, the Confederate garrisons in the area withdrew to Wilmington, North Carolina, and Union forces seized an undamaged Fort Pender on 17/18 January 1865.</p><br>
<p>Union Naval Lieutenant William B. Cushing led the first contingent of Union troops into Smithville, North Carolina, took the 44 sick or wounded occupants of the Confederate hospital at Fort Pender as prisoners, met with a committee of citizens, demanded the surrender of all private arms, and raised the Flag of the United States. Union troops staged at Fort Pender for their advance against Fort Anderson (North Carolina) and thence into Wilmington, which fell on 22 February 1865. The Confederacy surrendered in spring 1865, and the name of Fort Pender reverted to Fort Johnston.</p><br>
<h2>Postwar period</h2><br>
<p>After the American Civil War, the War Department generally moved to reduce the number of coastal fortifications and the number of troops in the Army. United States Army, however, continued to garrison Fort Johnston through Reconstruction. In December 1880, the Army transferred the garrison from Fort Johnston to Washington, District of Columbia. On 21 February 1881, the government officially ended role of Fort Johnston in Seacoast defense in the United States.</p><br>
<p>In June 1881, United States Army Signal Corps reoccupied the fort. The facility later passed to the Weather Bureau, United States Army Corps of Engineers, and Surveying Corps.</p><br>
<p>United Service Organizations occupied the fort during World War II. During the early 1950s, Fort Johnston hosted officers from an air rescue unit of United States Air Force.</p><br>
<p>Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point opened in 1955 and used Fort Johnston. From the 1950s, the facility maintained housing for four military families and one unaccompanied soldier. The family of the commanding officer typically lived at the main building at Fort Johnston.</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, North Carolina, added Fort Johnston on 7 June 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Decommissioning</h2><br>
<p>After 2004, the Army declared Fort Johnston surplus and ceased operations, independent of the Base Realignment and Closure process. North Carolina Maritime Museum at Southport opened on the former fort property.</p><br>
<p>The Old Seminary Building, also known as Old Masonic Lodge or Lawrencevile Female Seminary Building, is a building in Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA, that was built in 1855 in Greek Revival and Federal style. It was originally constructed as a school but has had various tenants through the years, most notably Lawrenceville Lodge No. 131 Free and Accepted Masons, who used the second story of the building for meetings for more than a century.</p><br>
<p>It is 36x51 ft in plan; its two floors have 12 ft ceilings.</p><br>
<p>Later, it housed the Gwinnett History Museum and was open by appointment with the Gwinnett Environmental & Heritage Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Hall–Chaney House in Milwaukie, Oregon was built in 1916 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architects Lawrence and Holford in Mediterranean style architecture. Its NRHP nomination explains that architect-designed fine detailing in the interior includes arched windows and door openings, a central stairwell with "a beautifully carved rail and turned balusters", "ornately carved mantelpieces, built-in book cases, niches, and wood panelling."</p><br>
<p>An architecturally compatible swimming pool addition was added in 1923.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Mine is an open pit iron mine in Negaunee, Michigan, extracting resources from the Marquette Iron Range. The first iron mine in the Lake Superior region, Jackson Mine was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Multiple other mines soon followed the Jackson&#39;s lead, establishing the foundation of the economy of the entire region. The mine is located northwest of intersection of Business M-28 and Cornish Town Road.</p><br>
<h2>Origin (1844–1847)</h2><br>
<p>In 1844, government surveyor Douglass Houghton tasked his deputy, William A. Burt, with leading a party into Michigan&#39;s Upper Peninsula to carry out a full survey of the land. On September 19, 1844, Burt noted odd compass fluctuations while surveying in the area of Teal Lake (near present-day Negaunee, Michigan). He asked his men to investigate, and they discovered rock outcroppings that proved to contain iron ore, later known as the Marquette Iron Range. Although the local Ojibwe people (Chippewa) and earlier Native Americans certainly knew of these ore deposits, Burt and Houghton noted the find in their reports, and were the first to publish this discovery to the world at large.</p><br>
<p>In June 1845, businessmen organized the Jackson Mining Company in Jackson, Michigan, with Abram V. Berry as president and Philo M. Everett as treasurer. even so the tree was symbolically included in the seal of the city of Negaunee. Everett registered a claim to the site and had samples of the ore assayed; the ore proved to be of high quality, specifically hematite with a small percentage of manganese and chromium. The Jackson Mining Company switched its focus from copper to iron.</p><br>
<p>In 1846, the company sent an expedition to the site to further explore the area and obtain more ore to test. Forging the ore proved a success, and in the winter of 1846–1847, the Jackson Mining Company gathered equipment at the mine. In 1847, the company organized men and machinery and began taking ore out of the mine. It began constructing the Carp River Forge, which was finished the next year. The first pieces of ore from the mine were forged at the Carp River and sold to construct a steamer.</p><br>
<h2>Rise of the Jackson Iron Company (1848–1870s)</h2><br>
<p>In 1848, the Jackson Mining Company was re-incorporated with Fairchild Farrand as president; Berry and Everett and most of the rest of the original investors lost control of the company. In 1849, the company got a new president, Ezra Jones, and a new name: the Jackson Iron Company. In 1850, after numerous problems, the company gave up operation of their forge on the Carp River and leased the forge out. The company was in a precarious financial position, and ceased work for a time on both their forge and mining operations. However, production at the mine soon resumed, although company operations at the forge did not. Jackson began utilising the Marquette forge; however, they did ship some iron ore directly: the first shipment of five tons went to New Castle, Pennsylvania. The purity of this ore shipment attracted attention, and General Joel B. Curtis, president of the Sharon Iron Company of Sharon, Pennsylvania, travelled to Michigan to inspect the mine. Liking what he saw, he purchased a controlling interest in the Jackson Iron Company, and for some years the Jackson location was known as the "Sharon."</p><br>
<p>With Curtis&#39;s guidance, the company began shipping more ore; in 1852, 70 tons were shipped to Sharon Iron. However, shipping ore was still problematic, and in 1857 the Jackson Mine began building a furnace on their property. The slow increase in mining and then furnace construction brought an influx of workers, and a town grew up around the mine and furnace site. In 1857, the town was incorporated as "Negaunee," coming from an Ojibwa phrase meaning "I take the lead," or more loosely, "pioneer."</p><br>
<p>However, the Jackson Mine was indifferently run, with frequent changes in management, and for some years a "record of disappointments and financial embarrassment." The company established an iron furnace at Fayette in 1867, and by 1875 had produced over 1.5 million tons of iron ore.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and closure (1870s–present)</h2><br>
<p>After the 1870s, ore prices declined. The mine got a reprieve in 1905, when the Jackson Iron Company was purchased by the Cleveland-Cliffs Company. But, mine yields were still weak, and the Jackson produced no ore in 1908 and 1916. The Jackson Mine closed permanently in 1924, having produced over 4 million tons of ore since its opening in 1856.</p><br>
<p>By the time it closed, the Jackson Mine contained several working pits, as well as trial shafts, a forge, cross-cuts and drifts; some of the underground workings were close to the surface. In the 1950s, the Jackson Mine and portions of the surrounding town of Negaunee were closed due to fears of collapse from undermining. In recognition of the historical significance of the Jackson as the area&#39;s first iron mine, the site was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1956 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The mine and area around it were acquired by the city of Negaunee in 2003 and the danger from undermining re-evaluated. In 2006, much of "West Old Town Negaunee" and areas around the mine itself were re-opened to the public. The city developed a trail system through the area. The overgrown ruins of the early Jackson Mine pit mines can be seen from the trail system.</p><br>
<h2>Jackson Park</h2><br>
<p>South of the Jackson Mine site is Jackson Park. This recreational area is 5 acre, located next to Business M-28 (County Road), southwest of downtown Negaunee. It has a pair of tennis courts and two pairs of horseshoe courts. Before mining ended, it was 11.8 acre and contained campsites.</p><br>
<p>Fisher Hall was a building at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Originally the Oxford Female College, the building was later used as a sanitarium and was purchased by Miami in 1925. It served as a first-year mens residence hall , Naval training school, and theatre. The building remained in use as a dormitory until 1958, when the upper floors were condemned and the theatre remained the only part of the building still in use. With the construction of Miamis Center for Performing Arts in 1968, the theatre became unused and the building turned into a storage facility. After a push to save the building in the mid-1970s, the hall was razed because the cost of renovating the building was identical to the costs of new construction. Miami Universitys hotel, The Marcum, was built in 1982 on the former site of Fisher Hall.</p><br>
<p>Fisher Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, but delisted that same year.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and planning</h2><br>
<p>Fisher Hall was constructed over a period of four years and completed in 1856. The simple and reserved style of the windows and spacing suggested a Georgian tradition. The three-story building formed the letter T and the head of the T, which is the east–west section, was designed to have a major porch with an entry at each end. The center had a projecting section that enclosed a third story ballroom. There was a full basement that contained a kitchen.</p><br>
<p>It was initially built as an independent college building and then Oxford Female College occupied a remote location northeast of the developing town of Oxford, Ohio as well as Miami University. The building&#39;s brick shell varied from 12" to 16", and is a local, pale red and sand molded brick. The floor area of Fisher Hall was variously stated between 46,286 ft&sup2; and 61,384 square feet.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fisher Hall was dedicated on September 3, 1856 as the Oxford Female College. It was founded and constructed under the leadership of Reverend Dr. John Witherspoon Scott, a pioneer educator and father-in-law of President Benjamin Harrison. Ebenezer Lane, a Cincinnati judge, donated 44 acres of land on the northeast edge of Oxford as well as a substantial amount of money. The building was designed by James K. Wilson, who was a charter member of the Cincinnati Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Fisher Hall stayed a part of the women&#39;s college until 1882. Eric Johannesen, writer of Ohio College Architecture Before 1870, called the building "one of the finest examples of institutional architecture from this period in the Midwest".</p><br>
<p>In 1867, in an attempt to preserve the school, President Robert D. Morris combined it with the Oxford Female Institute, another women&#39;s school across town. The building was to serve as a boarding institution. After Morris’ death in 1882, the old college building was sold to George F. Cook, founder of the Oxford Retreat Company, for $45,000 and used as a sanitarium by Dr. Cook until the mid-1920s.</p><br>
<p>Miami purchased the building on August 15, 1925 and remodeled it as a freshman mens residence hall from 1926–1941. Then it became a Naval training school from 1941–1944. The radio school trained 5,854 men and women (WAVES). The USA Navy established officer-training units across the nation, and this helped to develop Miamis present Navy ROTC program. It later became a womens residence hall from 1944–1945 and then once again, a mens residence hall until 1958. The building was then used as a residence hall for women through at least the 1960-1961 school year. Later the first floor became the Miami University Theatre until the construction of Miami&#39;s Center for Performing Arts was completed in 1968. With the construction of a new theatre in CPA, Fisher Hall became a storage repository.</p><br>
<p>Despite efforts to renovate the building, it was destroyed because the calculated cost of restoration was roughly comparable to the cost of new construction.</p><br>
<h2>Disappearance of Ronald Tammen</h2><br>
<p>Ronald Tammen, 19, was a sophomore who was enrolled in Miami University School of Business Administration, now known as the Farmer School of Business. Ronald was studying in his room in Fisher Hall between 7 and 9 pm on April 19, 1953. He left his books open and other personal belongings and stepped outside but never returned to his room. His roommate reported his disappearance the next day to campus officials, who notified police the next day. After a few months, the case was placed in the unsolved files. There were three theories on his disappearance. The first was that Ronald Tammen met foul play, the second, that he was a victim of amnesia and finally, that he deliberately planned to leave the campus and start a new life under an assumed name. The third option is what is considered most likely by authorities.</p><br>
<p>An April 1960 article from the Dayton Daily News mentioned that Tammens roommate Chuck Findlay still believed he was alive and the two of them were "very, very close". Findlays mother who occasionally corresponded with Tammen&#39;s parents in Maple Heights, a suburb of Cleveland, said his parents have never given up hope and "they feel that he’s somewhere in the world today, and that someday he may come back to them."</p><br>
<h2>The Marcum Center</h2><br>
<p>The Marcum Center, a hotel and conference facility opened in September 1982 on the former site of Fisher Hall. The building is named for Joseph T. Marcum, a Miami alumnus killed in a car accident in 1973. Marcums father Joseph L. Marcum, also a Miami alumnus, served on the Advisory Council of the School of Business Administration and contributed money towards the centers construction in his sons memory.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church is located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984 as First Methodist Episcopal Church, which is its original name.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized through a series of Bible Study meetings that were held in Rathburn Cabin in 1845. Early church services were also held in cabins in the early years. The first church building for the congregation was constructed in 1848 on Fifth Street, south of Walnut, and a larger brick structure was built on the same site in 1856. Four years later the congregation lost ownership of the building and had to rent the basement of the building for three years while the main sanctuary was used as a public hall for concerts, lectures, and the like. Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church and First Church merged in 1880, leaving First as the only downtown Methodist congregation. The congregation dedicated a new church on Ninth Street in 1881.</p><br>
<p>By 1906 the congregation numbered a thousand members even after it had founded 11 other Methodist congregations in the city. The groundbreaking for the present church was begun in 1905, and the cornerstone was laid during a ceremony on July 21, 1906. The church building was dedicated on June 14, 1908. A major restoration of the building was completed in 1940 with a new chancel and altar, rose window, a new pew arrangement, and a renewal of the pipe organ. The education wing was built in 1954. A new Reuter organ was added in 1962-1963 as was the marble backdrop and the Celtic Cross. In 1980 a historical mural was dedicated in the west balcony. The dome and the sanctuary were renovated in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The congregation went through two name changes in its history. In 1939 it became First Methodist after the Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Protestant Church merged to form the Methodist Church. In 1968 another change to First United Methodist Church occurred when the Methodist Church merged with the Evangelical United Brethren Church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The congregation hired the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot & Bird to design the present church. Because the estimated cost of $175,000 was too high, some of the decorative details of the planned church were not executed. The Neoclassical-style building features a symmetrical plan in monumental proportions, a large pedimented portico supported by Ionic columns, plain exterior surfaces of Bedford stone, and a Roman glass and copper dome that is capped by a Latin cross. The building&#39;s proportions are said to match those of the Pantheon in Rome.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The church&#39;s pipe organ is Reuter Organ Company Opus 1412 installed in 1963. It is located in chambers on the sides of the sanctuary with no visible pipes. The instrument has a traditional style console in a fixed position, and it has a roll top. It features electro-pneumatic chests, three manuals, four divisions, 62 stops, 50 registers, 62 ranks, and 3,435 pipes. The manual compass is 61 notes, while the pedal compass is 32 notes. The drawknobs are in vertical rows on angled jambs. The balanced swell shoes/pedals are standard AGO placement. Rounding out the features are adjustable combination pistons, AGO Standard (concave radiating) pedalboard, reversible full organ/tutti thumb piston, reversible full organ/tutti toe stud, combination action toe studs, coupler reversible thumb pistons, and coupler reversible toe studs.</p><br>
<p>Stop list:</p><br>
<p>GREAT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bourdon 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Spillflöte 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Fifteenth 61</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture 244</p><br>
<p>III Scharf 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 61</p><br>
<p>Unison off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet 61 a</p><br>
<p>Chimes</p><br>
<p>POSITIV</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Copula 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Salicional 61 b</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flauto Dolce 61 b</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flute Celeste 54 b</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Koppelflöte 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Cor de Nuit 61 b</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>1⅓&#39; Larigot 61</p><br>
<p>1&#39; Sifflöte 61</p><br>
<p>III Cymbale 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Krummhorn 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Baryton 61 b</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Regal 61</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>Unison Off</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Fanfare Trumpet tc</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet GT</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Fanfare Trumpet GT</p><br>
<p>SWELL</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bourdon 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Spillflöte 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Fifteenth 61</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture 244</p><br>
<p>III Scharf 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 61</p><br>
<p>Unison off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Fanfare Trumpet 61 a</p><br>
<p>Chimes</p><br>
<p>PEDAL</p><br>
<p>32&#39; Acoustic Bourdon --</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Principal 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Bourdon 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Sub Principal GT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Lieblichbordun SW</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Octave 32</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Gedeckt 32</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Sub Principal GT</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Flauto Dolce SW</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Choralbass 32</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Coppel 32</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Waldflöte 32</p><br>
<p>II Sesquialter 64</p><br>
<p>III Mixtur 96</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Bombarde 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bombarde 12</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Schalmei 32</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Dulzian PO</p><br>
<h2>Charity work</h2><br>
<p>In 1992, First United Methodist Church joined with seven other churches in the Des Moines area and created the Churches United Shelter (now the Central Iowa Shelter), to combat homelessness in the area.</p><br>
<p>Trinity United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 as Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, which was its previous name.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized as Prospect Park Methodist Episcopal Church when their first church building was constructed on the corner of Washington and Eighth Streets in 1887. It was named after the residential tract it was located in, in what was then the City of North Des Moines. The area and the church grew slower than expected so they changed their name to North Des Moines Methodist Episcopal Church in the hopes of growing their membership. It changed its name yet again to Trinity.</p><br>
<p>Trinity enlisted the architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird and Rawson in 1910 to design the present church building. The Hinners Organ Company of Pekin, Illinois built the 17-rank tracker pipe organ when the church building was being constructed in 1911.</p><br>
<p>Since 1968 Trinity has hosted, with the support of the Inner City Cooperative Parish, a breakfast program to feed children from the neighborhood, which had been suggested by the local Black Panthers. An evening meal has been served since 1987 in collaboration with Our City Kitchen. In 1992 Trinity became the first “Reconciling Congregation” of a United Methodist Church in Iowa, by which it serves all people regardless of sexual orientation. A prison van ministry brings family members of those incarcerated in Iowa&#39;s prisons for visits. The Las Americas Comunidad de Fe, a Hispanic United Methodist Community, worships and studies at Trinity. The two congregations share a weekly bilingual service and a communal meal.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Trinity United Methodist Church is a Neoclassical style building built of brick. The interior features, a stained glass dome above the center of the sanctuary, a balcony that wraps around three sides of the sanctuary, and rose windows on the north and south elevations. Originally, the plaster walls were stenciled. The original pews are still in use.</p><br>
<p>Space for the pastor&#39;s office, a kitchen and fellowship hall are located in the basement of the church, and an education wing was also built to the west. A stair hall separates the sanctuary from the education wing.</p><br>
<p>Trinity is somewhat unique when compared with Des Moines other churches. Along with First Christian Church on University Avenue, it generally covers the entirety of its site. Even the citys downtown churches have small lawns.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The churchs pipe organ is one of the larger instruments built by the Hinners Organ Company. Because of its high degree of historical integrity, the pipe organ is a contributing object in the churchs historic designation. The organ features two manuals, three divisions, 18 stops, 17 registers, and 17 ranks. The manual compass is 61 notes, and the pedal compass is 30 notes. It has slider chests, mechanical action with pneumatic assist, and mechanical stop action. The organ has a traditional style console with an attached keydesk. Rounding out the features are drawknobs in horizontal rows on terraced/stepped jambs, and balanced swell shoes/pedals. The Combination Action is a fixed mechanical system. The organ has a concave radiating pedalboard.</p><br>
<p>Stop list:</p><br>
<p>GREAT (61 notes)</p><br>
<p>Open Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Melodia 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Viola dGamba 8</p><br>
<p>Dulciana 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Principal 4&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flute dAmour 4</p><br>
<p>Swell to Great</p><br>
<p>Swell Oct. to Great</p><br>
<p>SWELL (61 notes, enclosed)</p><br>
<p>Bourdon Bass 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Bourdon Treble 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Violin Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Stopped Diapason 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Salicional 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Aeoline 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Voix Celeste 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flute Harmonic 4&#39;</p><br>
<p>Flageolet 2&#39;</p><br>
<p>Oboe 8&#39;</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>PEDAL (30 notes)</p><br>
<p>Sub Bass 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Bourdon 16&#39;</p><br>
<p>Great to Pedal</p><br>
<p>Swell to Pedal</p><br>
<p>Burns United Methodist Church is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Its previous building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1866 as the Black Methodist Episcopal Church. The church was eventually named for Francis Burns, the first black bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church. They first worshiped in a segregated school building for black children. That was the first of six different locations the congregation called home until they bought this building from the German Emmanual Methodist congregation in 1930. The congregation sponsored a variety of fundraising events to raise the money to buy the building, including dinners and a singing quartet of church members who toured the state. A fire damaged the building in the 1940s, and the congregation repaired the damages conforming to the building&#39;s original design.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The German Methodist congregation built the historic building in 1912. It was designed by the Des Moines architectural firm of Wetherell and Gage. The single-story brick building was built on a raised basement. The sanctuary is on the east side of the building and the pastor&#39;s study and classrooms are located on the west side. The two sides sit at right angles to each other with a small, gable-roofed entrance with a parapet set into the angle of the two sections. Most of the windows on the main floor are Tudor arches with brick hoods. The exception is the large Gothic arch window in the sanctuary. There is also half-timberwork on the west elevation.</p><br>
<p>The Andover Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Andover, Connecticut. Centered on the junction of Hebron Road with Center Street and Cider Mill Road, the district includes houses dating to the towns early history, civic buildings including a library and former town hall, and the towns first cemetery. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The central Connecticut town of Andover was established as a separate Congregational parish, mainly out of portions of Hebron and Coventry, in 1748, but was not incorporated until a century later. The location where its first meeting house was built was near its geographic center, on Hebron Road between Center Street and Boston Hill Road. The village benefited economically in the early 19th century from the early establishment of a small flaxseed oil mill, and by the establishment of the Hartford-Norwich Turnpike, which ran along portions of Center Street and Hebron Road, and the later routing of a railroad line just north of the village. Many of the town&#39;s commercial and civic functions were relocated to the US 6 corridor in the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is 270 acre in size, and includes buildings on Hebron Road, Center Street, Boston Hill Road, Cider Mill Road, and US 6. The district includes 60 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures. It includes the town&#39;s first cemetery (established 1750), and five 18th-century houses, including the Georgian Phelps-Bingham House, built in 1740. Later buildings include the Greek Revival John Bingham House (1840), and the 1833 Greek Revival First Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The Corra White Harris House, Study, and Chapel, also known as In the Valley, is a hilltop complex located in Rydal, Georgia. with</p><br>
<p>It was home of Corra White Harris, a writer made famous by her 1910 book A Circuit Riders Wife, which eventually became the 1951 film Id Climb the Highest Mountain. She purchased the property in 1913 and died in 1935.</p><br>
<p>In 1916, she wrote, published in The Independent 87, pp. 123–124. She wrote about it in numerous other pieces, including in the follow articles with "Valley" in their titles:</p><br>
<p>(1914). The Independent 77, pp. 97–99.</p><br>
<p>(1914). The Independent 79, pp. 63–65.</p><br>
<p>(1915). The Independent 81, pp. 190–192.</p><br>
<p>(1916). The Independent 87, pp. 135–136.</p><br>
<p>(1917). The Independent 91, p. 471.</p><br>
<p>The center part of the house was reportedly built 1830 by Pine Log, a Cherokee chieftain.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. A 57 acre area is listed with five contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The Ethel Wilson Harris House is a house built in 1956 located in what is now the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, outside the perimeter walls of the Mission San Jose, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. It is a Modern Movement or Wrightian architecture style house built in 1956, designed by Robert Harris.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented in the Historic American Buildings Survey and is listed in the NRHP for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story frame, stone and concrete house, approximately 2,000 ft&sup2; in area, that is quite like a Usonian house.</p><br>
<p>It was a home of artist and conservationist Ethel Wilson Harris. Harris was a supervisor of Arts & Crafts projects for the Works Progress Administration in San Antonio. Two of her tile murals are on the San Antonio River Walk.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Homestead, in Campton, Georgia dates from 1825. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP listing was for a 367 acre property that included a residential dwelling, agricultural outbuildings, agricultural fields, and secondary structure(s). Specifically seven contributing buildings and eight contributing sites are included.</p><br>
<p>It is listed for architectural criteria.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Homestead webpage describes it as being located in Monroe, Georgia, but its location appears to be about one mile north of the small community of Campton. Monroe is a larger town about five miles further south of Campton.</p><br>
<p>The William Harris Homestead Foundation, a charitable 501(c)3 organization, manages the property and conducts public tours and events including school field trips.</p><br>
<p>The La Posada Historic District is a historic district in eastern Winslow, Arizona, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district is located at 200 East Second Street and dates from 1930. It was listed as an 11 acre historic district on the NRHP March 31, 1992.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Winslow Santa Fe station as well as La Posada Hotel and Gardens, a Fred Harvey Company hotel designed by Mary Jane Colter in 1929 and restored in 1997 by artist Tina Mion and her husband Allan Affeldt. The hotel also includes a museum for Mion&#39;s art, opened in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The buildings in the historic district are of the Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture styles, and are listed for architectural criteria. The listing includes three contributing buildings, one contributing site and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>The Alden Bryan House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The provenance of this house is not entirely clear as addresses in the city directory of this time period are unclear. It is possible that Alden Bryan built the house in 1870. He worked for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, and intermittently, as a farmer. Herman Balschmitter bought this property in 1876 and he too could have built the house. He also could have lived in an adjacent house. Balschmitter worked as a tailor and a photographer.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Bryan House is a vernacular, Greek Revival style structure also known as the McClelland or German house type. They are found throughout the older sections of Davenport. It is somewhat unusual, however, because it retains its original clapboards and window details. At the time of its historic designation, it also had retained its porch posts and brackets, but those have subsequently been replaced.</p><br>
<p>The Anthony Burdick House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>City directories attribute this house to Anthony Burdick who had it built in 1880. Burdick settled in Davenport in 1869 and was engaged in several commercial and financial ventures. Notable among these activities was president of First National Bank for 25 years and his ownership of a wholesale jobbing firm, Smith Brothers & Burdick. He was also the president of a local financial firm called the Davenport Clearinghouse Association.</p><br>
<p>The attribution of this house to Burdick is not absolute. Oszuscik in 1979 referred to it as the Shields House and dates it to 1870. Given that there are similarities between this house and the F.H. Miller House (1871) on Brady Street puts that within the realm of possibility. Willet Carroll, however, designed both of these houses so their similarities may be attributed to only that. Carroll was one of the first professional architects working in Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Anthony Burdick House combines the rectilinearity of the Italianate style and the mansard roof of the Second Empire style. A noteworthy feature is the entrance bay, which is recessed rather than flush or projecting from the main façade. It also features numerous window sizes and shapes. The two-story house follows a rectangular plan and there is a gabled-roofed wing off of the back. There is a modillion cornice at the roof deck and a bracketed and molded frieze. Keystones decorate the tops of the windows and there is brick quoining on the corners. There have been several alterations made to this house. The central tower has been removed and an addition was added to the south side of the structure. The original dormers have been replaced as have the polychrome shingles. The house sits on a raised lot that slopes toward the south.</p><br>
<p>The Ball–Waterman House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is believed that J.W. Ball built this house in 1880. It was purchased in 1893 by C. M. Waterman who was a circuit court judge at the time. In 1898, he became an associate justice of the Iowa Supreme Court. Waterman joined the prominent local law firm of Lane & Waterman in 1902. The Waterman&#39;s continued to live here until the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 2½-story frame house rests on a masonry foundation. It follows an irregular plan with a multi-gabled roof and a tower. These features are typical of the Queen Anne style. Iron roof crestings are found on the tower and across the peak of the roof. Another feature of interest is the polygonal bay window that sits below an overhanging gabled pavilion. A full veranda with stone pedestals covers the front of the house. The half-timbered gable ends and the arches on the veranda are typical of the Tudor Revival style that became popular in Davenport in the 1890s. It is believed that the Waterman&#39;s added these features after they bought the house. What is unusual here is that when a Queen Anne house was updated in Davenport it was typical that features found in the Neoclassical style were used and not those from other styles.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Grilk House is a historic building located in the central part of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Temple, Burrows & McLane, and is an example of one of their more modest designs. It is a reminder that architects also designed houses for people with smaller budgets as well as those who are wealthy and build larger homes. The dwelling was featured in the February 1907 edition of Architectural Review as a "Plaster House." The house was built in 1906 for Charles Grilk and has a history of brief and complicated residency and occupancy patterns.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a modified Dutch Colonial Revival Bungalow with an American Craftsman aesthetic in its use of materials and the self-contained efficiency of its plan. The 1½-story, frame house, follows a rectangular plan. It features a narrow, molded cornice; side-gambrel roof; and two dormers on the front. The main entrance into the house is flanked by sidelights and covered by a flared eave. There is a polygonal-bay next to the main entry.</p><br>
<p>Clifton is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed for J.M.D. Burrows. He was an early settler to Davenport having arrived in the town c. 1838. In 1844 he established a wholesale company, Burrows and Prettyman. They did business along the Upper Mississippi River and west to the Missouri River in Iowa and Nebraska. They also made significant profits from their contracts with the USA Government supplying Fort Snelling and Fort Crawford along the Mississippi. He lost his firm in the Financial Panic of 1857. Burrows mortgaged the house to Antoine LeClaire to pay off his debts. He was never able to regain the title to the house and it eventually went to the descendants of George Davenport. Both Davenport and LeClaire founded the city of Davenport and developed it in its earliest decades. In 1905 the house was sold to John Winters, who converted it into apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is typical of the Italianate style in Davenport in that it also included elements of the Greek Revival style found especially at the main entrance. It is a two-story, nearly square Italianate palazzo. It features a large square cupola on the center of the hipped roof. The cupola has five narrow, round-arch windows on each side.</p><br>
<p>The two show fronts are five bays wide. The garden front on the south has a pedimented tetrastyle portico. The wall brackets on the cornice continue onto the portico. The columns that hold up the portico follow the Renaissance Ionic order after Vincenzo Scamozzi. The columns rest on paneled pedestals. Between them is a cast concrete balustrade that was extended in the early 20th-century in a semi-circular fashion beyond the portico. The north front of the house has a one-story porch that covers the middle three bays. At one time it stretched the entire length of the house.</p><br>
<p>When the house was built there were single-story, two-bay wings on the east and west sides. They stopped short of the main wall on the south front and ended in short recessed porches. Sometime after 1905, the porches were eliminated and a second floor was added to both wings when the house was converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Collins House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976, Built as a farmhouse in 1860 the city of Davenport purchased the property and renovated it for a senior center in the mid-1970s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Miles Augustus Collins was born in Albany, New York, on September 1, 1832. When he was four years old his family moved to a farm near Blandford, Massachusetts, where he was raised. He remained there until 1854 when he moved to Scott County, Iowa, where he joined his father as a carpenter. After a year he started farming and started the first cheese factory in the county. He owned several farms and became quite adept at real estate. He moved to his final farm in 1860. On June 15, 1870, he married Amy Wilson, who was a widow. Together they raised six children. He died in his home on June 5, 1908.</p><br>
<p>The Collins family continued to own the house until 1963, when it was sold to the Davenport Park Board for their use. They had a stipulation that the remaining sisters could live in the house rent free until their deaths. Beginning in 1977 the Davenport Parks and Recreation Department in a joint venture with the Center for Active Seniors, Inc. (CASI) used the house as a senior center. Over the years it has also housed a senior activity center, a place with recreational programming for special needs people, and as a summer youth activities center.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 2015, the house opened as the Southeast Iowa Senior Information Hub, a resource center for senior citizens and their families. Information that the center provides includes "health care, Social Security, transportation, finances and senior housing that ranges from private to assisted living." They also provide monthly programs centered on the concerns of seniors. The Davenport Parks and Recreation Department, volunteers and in-kind donations from local businesses renovated the house and brought it up to the standards required by the Americans with Disabilities Act.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally a three-bay, square structure. Several additions were made to the structure over the years. The pantry, kitchen, and dining room were added to the back of the house in 1870. The full porch was added to the front of the house in 1908, and the sleeping porch was added to the west side in 1916. The two-story frame structure is essentially Classical Revival in style. It features Greek Revival derivative window hoods and a latticework belvedere on top of the hipped roof. The house is situated on the edge of Garfield Park along the Duck Creek Parkway. A handicap ramp and a new porch were added to the rear of the house when it was renovated into a senior resource center.</p><br>
<p>The Cottage at 1514 and 1516 West Second Street is a historic building located in a residential-light industrial area of the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Philippe Oszuscik in his 1979 study of Davenport architecture identified this small cottage as one of the earliest house types in the city. It features a full size front porch that was taken from the Galerie of Mississippi Valley French tradition and a symmetrical, 5-bay main facade that reflects the Georgian and Greek Revival styles. The present porch, however, is not original to the house. The side gable, single-story frame house is built on a stone foundation and has an extension off of the back. The cottage was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Currier House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. At the very beginning of the 20th century, Frederick W. Currier may have had this house built and lived here for a short time when he worked for the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. It was later occupied by George M. Watts, who was the manager for the Standard Oil Company. This large, three-story house follows a rambling plan, typical of the Queen Anne style in which it was constructed. It features a corner tower with a conical roof, a full height polygonal bay and gabled pavilions with short cornice returns. The residence was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The D. Julius Gaspard House is a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. The two-story, Vernacular Greek Revival residence was built into a steep, sloping lot. The narrow two-bay front has its main staircase in a separate enclosed structure on the east side of the house. It is only one of a few examples of this kind of structure in Iowa. The house was built by D. Julius Gaspard, who worked as a stonemason. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Dils–Downer House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Shingle Style Bungalow has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1898 by Thomas M. Dils, who was a local contractor and builder. He died in 1902 and his wife sold the house to Harry and Alice Downer. He worked as a school teacher and principal before he became a settlement house worker. Downer is most noteworthy for his two-volume historical work, History of Davenport and Scott County, Iowa. He resided in this house when he prepared and published the work in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1½-story structure is a side-gable Craftsman cottage with a long side wing. It features two dormers built in the Shingle Style. Many of the windows also feature diamond-shaped lights.</p><br>
<p>The Fred Finch House is a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fred Finch was the Davenport and Scott County Assessor at the time this house was built from 1904 to 1905. Previously he had been with the Farmers and Merchants Savings Bank. Finch and his wife Anna lived on the northern side of this double house and her parents lived on the southern side. The family continued to own and live in the house until 1957 when it was sold to St. Anthony&#39;s Catholic Church downtown for use as a convent.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Davenport architect Dietrich J. Harfst designed this two-story house in the Georgian Revival style. It sits high above Main Street as it climbs the bluff above the downtown area. It is also one of the few of Harfst&#39;s projects to remain in Davenport, which is primarily why it is significant. Otherwise, it is a fairly typical hipped box style house. It features a front porch with paired columns and corner piers. At one time a balustrade lined the roof of the porch.</p><br>
<p>The George Copeland House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Copeland was born in Middlebury, Vermont, on May 28, 1857. In his early career, he was in the railroad industry and with the Internal Revenue Service. In 1884 he formed Copeland & Post which grew into a large life insurance practice with The Equitable of New York. Copeland & Post covered a large part of Illinois. He then worked as a general agent for the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company in Davenport from January 1, 1886, to May 1, 1893. Copeland began living in this house in 1888, although it is believed to have been constructed earlier. Copeland was a member of the Davenport Academy of Sciences.</p><br>
<p>In 1893 Copeland went to Northwestern headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On September 1, 1894, he became second assistant superintendent of agencies and then on January 9, 1903, was promoted to assistant superintendent of agencies. On June 13, 1916, he was elected superintendent. George E. Copeland died in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Today, the George Copeland House sits on the southeast corner of College Avenue and 10th Street near the Village of East Davenport. According to the 1892 Sanborn insurance map, today&#39;s 10th Street was previously 3rd Avenue. The Copeland House is in the Mount Ida historic area, part of the larger Bridge to Ridge historic area of Davenport.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is an unusual example of the two-story, three-bay, front gable form that is found in the older sections of the city. What differentiates it is the recessed wall panels of the main facade by applying corner piers. A pediment in the front gable end is created at the same time. This application gives the impression of the temple form of the Greek Revival style. It was a common feature that was used on 19th-century industrial buildings in Davenport, but it was rarely used on residential buildings of the same era.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Ebeling House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Henry Ebeling, a local contractor was the first person to live in the house in 1888. He more than likely built it as well. The two-story house features a cross-gable plan, a polygonal bay window on the east side, and it has two additions made to the back. While some of the architectural details are now missing from the house, one can still see some of them on the front porch. The Late Victorian style residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Henry P. Fennern House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. This house dates from 1902 and was built by Henry P. Fennern, who had worked as a shipper for a local wholesale grocer, the J.F. Kelly Company. While the asbestos "brick" siding is not original, the decorative detail in the front gable is original to the house. It features three types of shingles and a small window set in curved reveals. This detail suggests Shingle style architecture. Another detail of the house, now missing, is the recessed, corner entrance with a spindle screen above. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
